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| Paper: |
Formation and Survivability of Massive Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs on Wide Orbits\footnotemark |
| Volume: |
453, Advances in Computational Astrophysics: Methods, Tools, and Outcome |
| Page: |
407 |
| Authors: |
Vorobyov, E. I.; Basu, S. |
| Abstract: |
We present numerical hydrodynamics simulations showing the formation and
survival of giant planets and brown dwarfs on extremely wide
orbits (50-500 AU) around young solar-type stars via disk gravitational fragmentation.
Fragments form
at distances where gravitational fragmentation is allowed (50–300 AU), but most fragments do
not survive and either migrate onto the forming star or get ejected into the intracluster
medium via many-body interactions. The fragments that form near
the end of the embedded phase, when torques from spiral arms become weaker and
the probability of close encounters becomes smaller, may survive and mature into
massive gas giants or brown dwarfs on wide orbits. The number of survived
fragments is one to ten at best, in agreement with a small number of such detected objects.
This phenomenon can explain the existence of massive exoplanets and brown dwarfs
on wide orbits is such systems as Fomalhaut, HR 8799, and HIP 78530. |
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