Paper:	The Convective Urca Process
Volume:	342, 1604-2004: Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses
Page:	203
Authors:	Lesaffre, P.; Podsiadlowski, Ph.; Tout, C.A.
Abstract:	We derive a two-streams formalism for convective motions that guarantees self-consistency for chemistry and energy budget. We apply this formalism to convective Urca cores in massive white dwarfs. We stress that in degenerate matter, nuclear reactions that change the number of electrons strongly influence the convective velocities. We point out the sensitivity of the energy budget on the mixing. We illustrate our model by computing stationary convective cores with Urca nuclei. We show that even a very small mass fraction of Urca nuclei (namely 10−8) strongly influences the convective velocities. Finally, we present preliminary computations of the late evolution of a close to Chandrasekhar mass C+O white dwarf including the convective Urca process.

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