|   | 
				
					
	
		  | 
	 
	
		| Paper: | 
		A Path to Radio–Loudness through Gas–Poor Galaxy Mergers and the Role of Retrograde Accretion | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		427, Accretion and Ejection in AGN: a Global View | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		19 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Dotti, M.; Colpi, M.; Maraschi, L.; Perego, A.; Volonteri, M. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		In this note, we explore a pathway to radio–loudness under the hypothesis that retrograde accretion onto giant (MBH∼109 M☉) rapidly spinning (≳ 0.7) black holes (BHs) leads to the launch of powerful jets, as seen in radio-loud QSOs and recently in LAT/Fermi and BAT/Swift Blazars.  Counter-rotation of the accretion disc relative to the BH spin is here associated to gas-poor galaxy mergers progenitors of giant (missing-light) ellipticals.  The occurrence of retrograde accretion enters as unifying element that may account for the radio–loudness/galaxy morphology dichotomy observed in AGN. | 
	 
	
		| 
			
			
		 | 
	 
	
		  | 
	 
 
					 
				 | 
				  |