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		| Paper: | 
		Modern Earthworks and Their Cosmic Embrace | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		441, The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena VI | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		225 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Hatch, J. G. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		This paper examines the use of sky imagery in a number of modern
 Earthworks. They range from Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty
 (1970), Robert Morris' Observatory (1971), Nancy Holt's Sun
 Tunnels (1973-76), to ongoing manifestations like Charles Ross'
 Star Axis (1971-present) and James Turrell's Roden Crater
 Project (1974-present). My interest in discussing these various
 works is to look at why so many of them have focused on the firmament,
 what factors contributed to this interest, their specific meaning,
 what the various sites of these works have offered, and last but not
 least, their possible relationship to past Earth projects, like
 Stonehenge and Machu Picchu, for example, that have also embraced the
 sky as their subject. | 
	 
	
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