This book contains the proceedings of a conference held on 13-17 June 2011 in Cefalù (Sicily, Italy) to discuss recent progress in the application of modern numerical tools to the solution of open problems in astrophysics, from star formation up to the large scale structure of the universe.

This conference was the sixth in a series of Astronomy and Astrophysics workshops and conferences held in Cefalù devoted to hot topics in modern Astrophysics. It was unique because of the emphasis on both the the computational and the scientific aspects of astrophysics.

In attendance were scientists who are at top of their fields on both the scientific side and that of numerical and computational methods, who are also expert in the use of modern hardware and software resources. The conference was successful, thanks to the high quality of the oral and poster presentations and to the large number of participants from many countries. The graduate students and post docs gave a relevant contribution to the meeting, thanks also totheir ample participation in the debate after each talk.

The content of the book includes 65 papers distributed over Parts covering different specific topics of astrophysics, where important achievements are presented after an introduction to the topic. Parts V and X are specifically devoted to advanced tools in computational astrophysics and to new technologies in computational astrophysics, respectively.

Part XI is dedicated to the summaries of the many poster contributions presented at the conference.